..lrZ
. . ' ;
- . t . n i .
PAPER
TInED: THECHOICTOT
APPROI'RIATE
INCOTERMS
FoR
PROFI]AbILITY
IN IMPORT
PRESTNTED
AT
TT]E
SEMINARORGANIZID
8Y NSC
AT NIGER
HERITACE
HOTEL
ONITSHA,
ANAMBRA
STATT
IY
MR. O. C. OCBONDA
(Mr.,
Mdr)
SDV (ALRAINE
NIGERIA
LII'lITED)
PORTHARCOURT
ON
THUPIDAY
] IITAUCUsT
2OOO
THEME:
THt USE
OF INCOTIRMS
fOR THE
PURPOSE
OF
CONTROLLINC
SLIIPPING
COSTS
AND ENHANCINc
PROFIIABILITY
TROM
EXI'ORT/IMPORT
IUSINESS

---

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a
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rll]o'r n!! iso
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tc lRll,cd ro .xro| lood lttrrliry
pooqs ! rron,Lrrc Pi.cr io cir
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t
ln ur',oddI dry iiDon Iidc d,o. t rrc(I,, ft , Asors r Diokeb.
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Mdd'ols bry loods 0n r& oun 3c0ou,
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^cds hdtc dals 0 behrlr
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of dt,i brsi,r$rn$ {tro }. rbcrelb,r rrc
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lio srcurlt! itr b.iiEint Loldho r iur trj€,s
oa hlk oI ttio{lursc ofn,!
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n: *cr Jo tuL rtur
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rJiudcd
rdiYiL) tH jMhc(
l,orrl
dmrcr tcycL or so s di!.iLurior
b,
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Tl,:lbr *r y.rtr br sca nro( i,frui!
t,shdcitubdrnrc
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wirLrou.
difidrlrus *(r rhciL
nrcigr stLir]ln anjr! fioal rl,c
ur!:rndlisorrrnrr
d0t)lLrcd(rdcLqnf ro,rjlrradc.
I

---

ln vhv of rhc abivc, the Nisqjf Shipp6 Coutrcii
h6 d.cided
ro dgdrr
rlis vo,ksbot i', o.d{ t, Nsis( ou iuHou\\ irnponqs espeiallv r]]os rl
onildia ro blicfir lrcn rllk ex*cisr.
l / L i . L e r ' . t N r ' s
t
I'UBIq$:
ituodujdn or "lNcoTFRMs"? The lurymc is io nmvidc a $r d
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itrt.dioNl nlcs br drc inlcQrcuioi or ft mo* confronlv osd rnde
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uff ii lofign tsdc Bv rhis re diltireii i'ieqithlotr
ofstrcl' iens n
dilTcre $unrics rvilh ib altndrn trtrmrbidier c$ bc rvoided or *lesi
I
I
moc ollqi rhin noi' P!di$ to r 'ontrl
rc
d
iemrud of rhe difffld
tad;g
pfdi*s
ir rlEL respcdive coudtut
Sridly vievdd, hn.rn uilc Lisg to irisutricrhtrdinss dbtuts dd lelFl
I
a.rios vith i8 ottLrddr {astc offunds rnd rtrt
h o'icr ro reddc. thsc problcms
tht hieni'riofll cbdber or coFn'c
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i 19:16
6^r pfbLislred
a sr ol Ltendioml flrl* ror ih' inieatbfoi d
I
tet renns
ktrovi rs lNcoTLlRMs 19:16
I
l]tsdtrly 1990, oiendncnb lnd dddiliotrs
tul$ ir 1in! rirb .uc'r i&ruiional brdc
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nEISONS: lnvicwofthe.bovc,r lgru R! non ollftiLem\\ $d dof,c
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10 ind{3iis uc ofcledrorc ddr
(a)' rh! dsnc b !d,P1
titrr
I
posiblt in Ure Pasent 1990 vesion
inlcKlnrge (!Dl) rhd s
t
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Tl,{ l (
ir rl CLLNnbd
of conr
,r n$,od ot Lnc$iritrB htic tnis iLr lor bdic dii]crcd lireso'cs:
(lie rl lqm li{o
n _ eliec rlie \\tlLer
irkoi rhc coods
asilarie h thc
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buld drl€lllhfj
oYr PEDiss
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Nhct rl,c slkr is.rlLlJ uPon
b dElivd
ro contrr for cdrhgc, btri {il
ft good\\ or addirioml
co$s d!
! di (CFR, clf, cL'T, CIP)!
lqq]]a!!!l:!!Ir!['1:l
f^s

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fi! 6!yq *i'h epcd b dc sn. s,bj.
lrd rrctrr ('urud Fd d rsridiln). a
o b i g d @ " i . B r L o i q l l c s D u h
ndkkrj
rhs Jq d ilp rtr bL,ys ftoD I akins sel coilr.s nfrded b
s d t . D l c l t r b U . l d s . s | e d b i n c r y

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sr't"oble-rros
p;ious d-liies,rrcrdv (tsblkhen bv E pinies 'dsdYes

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buyd vben
die sood\\
pa$ rft ship5
miLhlltr Pod
orshi0Dcfi
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1lt Cf R lcLr requits t|t stll{ rD clsr dic soodi tbr cxpon Tbis Fm can
lurpoi( whcn thc ships
nil
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iilidrvdc rYve$L tbe0!.
m nrlLy n\\cr roL
'rE tuliPon d gods
Bar ,[ is[s oflo$ or d$€€€
^1
DJ*a$e @ods u 6u&'r lhc Llser d
shdLLi
hc fail ld trorili d'e slLs

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it
Lf. 6.isln $d dlrd lons N 0 ^r G)
6 r o L i g . | l u s a I a s B r c h t r E
Esitdlq*FilloipLsarL'ruits,
bi$dL(clrdqcFrble$b]{tt
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6,id. 'h" r,"F. *i'h-' d.hY *'h
is.hb'" birr
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da codnd Amds, bc ddld virhi' rh!
b;*' d d.i. d" s-d' ri"' i'"
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hi" '
"*t'1"
sd{r dEjmLi ! rulL
sd d
siglml\\N'b.pr$id'oh!
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t).
NnrrsoPrridc$,iero dre
bqcl
whoc bodr rhc sl|{ art h yft lLgredl
m $nnm.4ock4m u r rhe
e hon (tm cJ b ir lhc rcfdi, s
0nsrPtu h,,y b rcrlacd Ly ur
(EDl)
nsssr
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89 I'sf{iion olsoods
p,y rb,
ojrqdi0s Guh $ quaLiq,
$
oltds.
n..r!trirg, {cigtrin!" .ooli, !) } , dr ir
ien:sary
.e .cd ei.cprRtmtundrrl
iof delno j|g Llle
soat. itr
r,.oYid$ psok'gj rg Gnlss is@i b bc
$,rN( uip.ckdt) which
I EqutEd
ror
rFtr r vnd,t! looLl\\ rrte!\\| br
L i r ( L L ! . nd ,!,rdr;a \\r'
fayd|fu*s&ddEldindhd
krrio
rh! buyqqcry$sishrc. i,
orr0Dg.ry i!(Drdr6 orquiYr d[
.qui!rto[ et.dronjd nEsrses
dsrror I nqsis4 G rc. trh {N
trrilord
'tr Ar 0 a''d rcimhrr
Ird' otrcd u A3) ,! ortlimrci tiun
0c fn.ft exrors for
r r
rhc
l u u r n or_hi r4tmd ilE r
r f r n i ! b $ q
r , F r t u i e f !
Itovidu rlr brynj uron nqHr, ,n[
rrc n-ss01iDtih
iotr ti, P o{.jtrg

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!
- ;
N{Ndfor im]rn-sbdrydono!i,,itr.tlFirgoodslsfi b(auseibeydo
l d, toD dr A'.c,iur .nd fnN
li.t bcn htly dismtr rrc.
lroDolo( diosr \\rL,o
my be mh'clr d oit ri,.. or rhe ollu my hve
ON ROARD
RIiOUIIIFIIINT UNDDR IiON. CTR AND CO'
lr is i rro{n fad rtu( rhg cortld or.d'ias. vouli idcminc dt
obligdioN or rll srtr0pu or rlr sidd virh .espect
1o b.nding ov{ lr
c b dclne. rLre
goodr on boad rtc
lbr dlLiver ofrlE soods acco in8 ro
rrDsporhrior
€dn,iqu4
|Iol,l.m of lti! uorhtiotr" b.tsc!
or $ir Nskdirr eoods arc murLlr- deliv{ei by th. $Llc. lh|! ,sh hh
?Eans
(fteidi InNrde*hippo t ro the .inic. b!fr,rc rhc goods
de hkai
or b.rrd or sorndiNs belore rhc ship &ik\\ Lhc ssapon.
Jr sud' cases
madnN ie ervlsl b 6c s'd, ri of "C ts,is, *hicb do m( dudr 'ir
hrniing ovs oa1h0
goods
lor etri.s! t, sbiDm.n
or rroffd, e.3: f^CA,
cPT
T]I,NtrFITS:
To od Nige.id impodcs yLro lid! b.ctr itrvolyd in th6! trN{iions
0!.r the y{n, Lhcy
$ tlnis.lE i,r Jlrids blsi'E$ allhoulb
trobodv

---

rioD otihc businss.
nE ftid i51hd
x,L,l i urhr goDds jo rhe litce of
Theborlic olrlEdioi(of r3J)rrrupridsir.otn.s
inrhhradecoutdbc
Tr'e rdh il rhd nr! ot rlre tnoorEn
tride do ior lave &!6s ro ltr! tadodes rid so use fOB Em wirb rheir
sc,t hld ben dtumcd as a resu or
IlEy ako u$ CrR becrusc lbey ciDloy Lhe rni.s
ot ,,rrcjghl
rorsa.der ,, rlt{ prsirs rlmrsh ll,okds. ].ljis .ombimfoi of &mr hm
t
I"re.! those of thcm d tmpon lloij lhe Fa Ead
pmrlhbk, beoaus rbcy have x.cass 1o rhe rcenes
l f d i n ! [ ,
! t r ] r \\ ! u g e r h f l i r o . o n , h f $ i t ,
g.*
r s coni'ig ro ]l igqia rlleNelr$ r. sc! 1tu lacihis lur in pts.e by

---

llie b'Lyc..
This
rlso o,.blcs
rlf lLpPli.E
to (!LL dk the t]rt1
L l r n p . n { s * l i o * r e t b
o f d r u d i , i g
id
De rL,d
s ir Dn), rh! rii,nrgimblctLd
is thx(
of,oN Druci
ot irnponr' hrve
L.ctr
sl]cDdn
! on licilLr olrr!.s ro lodgl slf|)]riLrs
liL*sllllh$evcrs
Il Ll,r LderrL sovsrmn inv*rsrts rh! ugc Dooi or rorejgr
exchrnsc
l]xii br or nnpD,rqs
lo tnEigr sl,il)
oNrfl:.lhcv mv coNider
'j(v'ndi's
1 ,. derJ Njg.Lix
NdioNl sL!PpiLig
Ii,,c The nsv mrioml ljf rvill onbim
I k slrjo!,.DrhiLrersLqtr
1d hi](cn (crd. ol cd.i.r)
r lqnul irbrrivc Dmicd. bnl Niscrn is cqml
!
lirll'.!i,.rc, rli. brtrlirs rlnl *ilLrtdE to rl'o.otrtrtv (l iDponcs
srll be
.d
forrtuloriryii
ll itr ownii!| lo iidrbL.'\\,drlrxnrNrrv EmploIltd
!
crcl,rngc crpetrJcd
r.o.ltrdr A e. hrve Nlrsrd ir recurl
t$r
Par of 1lr (ude oilcrpon
\\ r o u L d s D o r o u
b
i o s r i r h G p r c o l c s r h c o i L , i N l Ds a i ' r l
'rl,erorfnndn coLkl d ary bntr or*ions
bcrlcarrl]3
lvondPo\\rscorld rcdL!c$[
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on liLr pir ot coni,oliaL t!J!,
prufr$ilit th3 nror!. Ll,c)'
.xtr mv morixLo
{lE ndioml ddcr as i u}
,L-l
l;eisnr
d,igcs ir NriL: whcn
h{li8j.trlty r o|ro5td ro ft paqi Indce
r1i
I0uH!i€
(usD o ldliie Po*(
'lhe piorlgc dro$ inipodeB
villboo$ ti. suviv'LofnchNalioml L'nc
t,1
tx
nqriu' (Ii.NisqiD shipp.6 cou r)
*
il
Ndio' Sriili,g l-insso rld ou 0 rorc{ \\\\ll )c g str lhin loJ.t
Vc do dor bave
dlrbLs
or morc
ou 1!r .biliry ofor pDrcsiori s h
lj
hrik i,rh prlncr anticdy atrd pmlr e$ yury bo
il
rd,iotismnulLlLctlr{dd'wo thisLmcoouid
til
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