PROCEDURES
FOR CARGO
CLAIMS
IN THE
EVENT
OF CARGO
LOSS,
DELAYS
OR
DAMAGE:
(WHAT
THE SHIPPER
MUST
KNOW
AND DO)
A PAPER
PRESENTED
ATTHE
AWARET']ESS
SEMINAR
ON
THE ROLE OF CARGO
DEFENCE
FUND IN THE
PROTECTION
OF NIGERIAN
SHIPPERS
BY:
MR. A. B. SARUIV]I
THE ROYALTROPICANA
HOTEL,
KANO
ON
12rH
MARCH
2002

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PFOCEDURES
FOR CAR6O
IN THE €VENT OF
MUST (NOW,
]n€ adv€^1of contoier zdr ondid orhe. form of unii zor otr n6
tedreed 1o d ue.y tcae exrenr, rhz incrdetr@
of dchdges ro
cargoes
gene.olt Ho,eve.,
some.dfgo6
stilloftv€ irhe porr
dohlged
of iotdlly losl. Some
orhe.s
could
be dz syzd i rrdE r,
shorrdndad
or shorrdelivered.
sr lrhe shtpneir
of sohe orhe's
cou
d be d€loyud of th€ cdrgo
couldev€tr
be Jelrisoned
oi rhe ship
ro sove itz dnd properry. A shito. €venr coltd dtso hoppen
dshore Co.goes
.o!ld b€ deLivuEd
dis.repont,
s+ol€i in ih€
clsrody of the ba ea by whdrl .dis' of cohp er€ry ddhdged rh s
di drso
hdpp€n inthe tfon3ir
poc6s betw€ei ihe q6y3 ohd the
In or ot rh6e d.s, ona forh of cldin or rhe orhef w I o<
€
p . r o a r o 6 s l d 9 " h.J pp.rsbJd,. Helordno..o
d ' n
cohpdiy of di.ecrry
fmh rha negiqahr
Pdfty/Pod
5 o. sohebody
actiig oi rh.. behdf. th€se courd
iclude ship owne's, ships Agenrs, Fotuofd n9 Agehis, po|is
outhor
ties, or hdu
oqe ftrhs.
Ifsp€cru€
of who ir seir ing dd h, ir rs ihz dui/ ot rhe sh pper
o tu+tfy +he pofit6 co^cerned
ihhedidizy of rhe disreice of dB.repan.y befo€ tdkrng

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WI]Y PROMPT
NOTIFIC/ITION
When goods dmivz di th€
po'irs or Kr€hous€
i d s €pdit
condirion,
rhe shipper
shoud os d morrer
ol urmosr
urgeicy
nolfu ihe Poir'€r.onern?d forlh? follow,ng
p6on5:
.
When C!.qo s oi Mar ne 6u.dn.e Clo n.
Prohpt hotificol on is recessdfy
ehei cdgo is isufedso rhot the
Iisurdnc€ Cdhpatry
w:ll prohptly appoiht d surveyor f Lors
AdJUstd
10 k*p @tchtu ey.s on rhe coisignhu
it +o deierhne
the eaeit of dohca€ ond th€ degre al redrds needed. 162
sh pp€r or l-lis Agent husr occohpany
rhe surveyo. ii ordd io
o9fe. on rhe miuf. of rhe cd6e of th€ os. of ddhdge atrd
Thk s ie@ssory
bed.inq imin!rh'tuider
hosr.onditiois of lEutunce,lhe trd6it co€. hdrd very shod
ife spdh
dnd r nosr .o5es
.a325 ro.x $ dt ihe tihe of re ive.y
ro ihe Shippef's
rdrehoure d. lrdBt wofehouea Ii .de ol
fo ure to iolfy the Iisuron e cohpd^y prohp+ly
rh€.€fofe, if
the 9oo& o.e deLive€d, th€ ttuhsil iisu.ers d.e nor ldb e for afy
det€riomt on in thu condir
oi of ih. goods
thdt could
feosoMby
is Cloihing Directly from rhe
rlia pu.pose
ot iorfcorioi prohplly
inlh's ccs€ is to keep
opei
oiy .i9h1 thdt thz Shippef noy hove ogditrst
ihe Dzlverhg
Cdfl ff for Ioss o. dahage occdioned by br&.h of the adfioqe
of 6oods .oit.ocr. flrereforz t s fhe duly of the sh Pper ro
Mil€ rhe corr er innedoret, pdcig hn or norr.€ ol clo n.If
upor delivery
of rh€ goods
dny loss or ddnage 3 ioi.ed,lhe
5h pp.r hust os d holr€f of u.qency
dfow nned ore ort ir on tu
it dnd inv|€ rhe mr.i€.s represeifolive
+o cdry out o ss.vey
ond w.ife d dohoge
rePor1. ,4l rhu requdr of rh€ sh'Ppef,
d

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suryey could bz coried our joinily wlh rhz co.go Detence
SeBcd uir of rh€ N qeridh
sh ppe.a
couicild.or idePandeni
Surwyof. In ds€ +h€ good
b 3hodhnded
of rho.tdeivered
bY
rhe corie., r is th€r rzspodibiliry
ro iss@ o ehorl oid h9
r-r'tki.la
q" $a" $rPo<.
Whei rhe 5h pper s aldniig frch th€ Nig€.ioa Podj
wher d con3igihenr
odves inlhe NPA
Tfonsit
shed dis.repdnt
shorr
onded,
d b scEPanc)
cadifi.nle r tsued
+o oif.n +h'
eneiiof dohog€ dnd
odnirt'
n9 o r dPpo
|lioi i9 iobiliry Tn s wilL
ony b. ssued al rhe ihsrdnce
of the shipP€. dfief du€
codideforon
hove
bzen
tak€i df rh. Tdlly she€rs subhtred bv
rhe Tdlly
a e.ks dr rhe Qudyside
or nrheS+dcki9lfd
whefe
I 5 vafy diffLcul to dPPo.rion
blde for k9l9€n@, o nore
ihorough ivasigdron Ril hdve ro b2 condlcted
whch wi
.uhimr€ 10 rhe is3uon..
of the O!fiufn rcpo.l l11z
oulruftr
€po|r s +he findldocumanr
showig the exreni or dondg€ ond
thu neglige^r
Pofty.
Unfodsmley rhen rhe ddoqe invo!€ NPi,
f 'es ro x.ilde ls iob,
ity by nol odh fi n9 ieglgehca
or bv
arfibuting rhe couse
to exrfdreous
f3cto.s ior . oatro
Ioble
bv I
ike whod rotr, brc3.h
i9 by undzsirdble
e€nents et.. Ir <
rhe..fo€ the shiPPaf
who hd the bu.den
ro Proof ihoi th'
dandqe
ia difticlly mus€d by th€ir ieg igenc€.
WHEN CAF@ HAs BEEN TRAN5SHIPPEO
THROUGH
/{N INTEEAEDIATE PORT.
I1 6 d conmon
procrie ro rrdEshF .dr9o6 Po$nudrl,v whe€
the€
s io d'€.r vds. lolhe d6r ndrioi porl lirh5.dse,the
dury of +he or.le..emoin. ihu sdhe. He nusf ensure
rhoi the
dfgoes dre d€liv€.€d
o1 ihe dzslimton mned in ihe Bill ot

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Loding,
wdyb lof orh.r mm Ggz
d
thissirudrlon
could
be dLcey.
This s be.ouse
th e l6ti1fie cdrqo
CLau.e!
provde rhd+ if rherc is +e.himloi ot th€ coii.oct or
mr.ioqe or of the rfdBir goodr,
or 3r inle.hed dre pod or Pdce,
€ven oMng10 c.cuhsroices beyond
ihz coit.o of rhe dssured,
rhe Insurdnce
cover
coh6 fo onend
un.ss prohPt Drice ie given
10 ihe unde.wdref3
otrd
.o|i iudr on of co€r is solghi
The Shippaf
shou
d inth s cose
p.ohpt y horlfyi
Th€ Iisufers of rhe i'fztruplion of the rrdEir, providin9
theh with ru.h nforhotioi ds is
ctr.uhsron@ ond fequesring iheh ro .onr iu€ rhe
Insumn.e rn fore dnd ro oppolir d srrueyor ta ek n
the 9ood5 ond noke rccohhendoron os then
econd r on iq, fofhfdinq of disposo
^rdke such fese.vdr oh io rhz cdrrier or his ogenr d ndY
be dpprop|
or€ i rhe.ncuhsrdi.e.
. WHERE THE @ODs APRIVE IN THE PORT sI]BJECI IO
Wh€n cdrgod orrived i thepodsubj€crro genefoloveegz
oss
o. ddmog€, rh€ sh pper shoud i oddLrior
10 pfohPl iorfcdrioi
inforh the geEtul overdqe loss odjusr€r ol ihz .*ed
of tha
ddhdge sufl€red
by rhe mrgo6.
T]is nlsr be ddne oi the
Vcidonon Fofm did dttd.hed ro d Su&ey Rzpo , where lr 15
Norify ig the dvemge
loss
adjuster
prohptly w lenoble
him ndk
th€ oppror oi€ rzduct'on .lhe co'nriburory
vdue of rhe goods
10.efe.r rhe dohdge
surtoi€d in tha voydge Ir willdko eidbe
hih ro coisider
wherher
rhe loss
or ddmoge
moy
hdvz bezi due ro

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sehetu
overoqe
cd6es aid fso,hokerheoPProPrdleo
oMnca
Ir is rc.essary
ro furr sh do.un.ddry evdence,n
ollrhe c6es
dboE. Thefo low i9 docunenF
w lbeveryuszfulin+hisre96fd: -
WHEN
C'R6O I5 sUBJECT
TO ]IAAAINEIN5URANCE
CLAIM.
To estdb
ish o hor ie Iisutuic€ cloih, ih€ folowing
do.uments
'
C€rrificote of Ihsutuice
Polcy of l6urohce showing
how rhe lh.u€d volue
har
Certificole of Origin showing suitobilily ol cofgo tor
BiLlof
Lldihq/A. woybr
l(non negotioble
copy)
Wdybill/Tdlt
shee+s
ssued
byNPA
thowinq
d scfepo&y
sL v€lo.< 'epo L o. 01/ olh4 da.iMn d_y evid'lr
reldt i9 to the cause ard extenr of ddhdge
Repai. 6rihole (if .equi€d)
caw ol ?4"f to ,\\" -a tefs g uig ror @ o' L o,n ord

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WNEN
CAR6O
I5 sHORT
LANDED/SHORT
DELIVERED
BY
THE
F idl odrurn repo.t/&.tificole show
n9 rhe ahoun+
of
corqo
delvered. In c6e al Shori Ldnded
.df9o6, rhe -
ouriu.n repod husi show
rhe dnounr
ol co.go
ddud y
Sho|i lond nq Ce'-rif cote: ro be 6sued by iha .o.ry n9
Porr ourho.ity's
shed bz|v€ry Re@fds
(sDR) dnd rha
Quoy Tolly Sheers by NP,4 dnd 5h pp i9 Conponys
Totty
curks showiie
deldirr of .ofgoa3
diichofqed
f.oh rhe
Disc€potr.y Ce$ificote
issued
by rha NPA in rde of
Cargoes
feeived in dondged
condiuoi3
& lof Ldding/a
n{dybill(ion negoridb
€ copy)
-
Ddhoge
eport 6sEd by rh. cafiers represenldt v€ or
IN THE EVENTS
OF DEL,IY
IN 5HIPMENIOFCIR6O
Booking
nor€s ssued
by rhe Shipp
n9 L h6 og€ni n rh€
couirry ot origin o. oiy cohhuhimlon coniirnig
€xp€ded
d€pdfiurc dore.
Bil of Lodiig sho, n9 sh phe.t d€ro s
^iGrafs Log Sook show nq voyoge defdils.
-
Certificdle
of or gin

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WHAT IHE sI,lIPPER
A{UsT BEAE IN MIND WHEN A{AK'N6
In rhe evanl of cio'ns in dnv of the .ircuhsi'ice dasdlbed
dbove,
the shippe. h6t bef i nnd thal "unde' norhd
cr.unslonc€s, nobody
wofis ro occePt
labLLity
tor ddhog' or
lo-
As sL.1 rl-" @"e5.on..-?d,h.'\\4 Pod alrro''r 6
)rPP qrm4 s,!i'q 49e Bof "t'sa@a-wo tn'
rd'
d r d t * o B t i i h t t h e f I ' d b i l r i 4
ihe sh,PPe.s
to nore rhe fo o&rng:
A pfohpl horificdr
oh of ddhoge
nust b€ node io tha
pd.1es conczfEd ,{5 ird cdtei above,
rh s w ll€ep rhe
Liie of cohnuiicorion
opur and sersrliza
ih€ Pdf 6 ro
the irsu€. The sh'pPer
nlsr d rhe sdhe lne hove
the
co.r ers f€prde$drivz lo @nz out ro i6Pect rhe dfgo
oid wnie o ddndg. rePo.r
A pfoper p.ocadufe
fo. filing cdimr m6t be followed
$s diffe.s ffon o.gonzorionlo
orgonLzdtion.
rn sone,
rh€ Sh'PPef
noy be .equ€sted to Mile d smp€ efier
plo.in4
thu .o.f ar or the iEufdnce
conPanv
on nolrce
or
ccih; srdring domdge
of loss ohd the.€tore the dmouhr
b. rq coimed fte coims cou d dlso b€ node on ClaLht
Fr;
Itr oll @s
how€vzr, the opplicdron
hutr be
strbstohrioizd w th docuheitdfy evidehce
Th€ shiPper
oso husr €6ure ihor the Pofrv concerned
p.opefly
documenr.
rh.cioims 1e ddndge
musi €r a'r
ih rhe Taly sheerr, shed DzLivery
Reco.ds |erh nor
De ivery Ofd€rerc Wh€.a rcczssorv,
fhe sh'PP'r husr
inrist
rhdl
shdri
londinq/shod
D'lv€ry
€porr/Ce.riflcare 6 iss@n oh rh€ los. or dondqe
6

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dpprcprdre.
where cdfgo i5 dscrepohl, Dsc€pdicy
c€riii cdre husr be ssued. Wh€re th€ ddhdge oi oss s
o holrz. of d6put€, d thorough
our.un
feport aust be
requzlrad. Ii dll cases,
ir ls obso
ut€ly iecdsdry to
drtuch
rhe do.uetris evidei.itrglhe
clo n
TheE husr b. o p.ope. tolorylp of cdtns. Thk s
neczssory
ro p€ventrhe cose
froh beihg
+ihe b.rud or
*ptred. Tlre periodof
qtucediffef ffon ofgoniroron
ro
orqohizotioi
bui usk y nol et@edinq
30 doys
offe. rhe
€ssel hor dischdfged
did sa ed or df.tef d6chd.9 i9 rhe
arqo i the NPA
shed or dny
ifdEir wofehouse.
Thera nurt be p.opef Imurdk€. The habi of rokng
to.nolireu.dnce
polcyjurt 10 ship of E eds€.orgoes i
th€ trhorf 4 i be of tro usz ii c6e of dohage Ir 3
mporsbb ro predi.r ehei o probieh pill o.cu. whr.h
shoud.€sult inddmdge
claihs Fof thkre6oi, risv€ry
iecersdy fo.the sh pp€. ro rqke
the iecdsory poli.yso
thdl i .6e of rh€ ri5k5 eiuhe.ared Gbove,
he could
cldins troh the Iisufdnc€ aohpdry
and conr'nua
in his
f)
FEPORT CASE IO THE NI6EEIIN
sH!PPERs
,ai the offrcidl orgoi of 6.vernn€fi rer up ro prcr€cl
NBerion
Shippers,
the Ngerion
shippers
couic hd rn
proce
hdchlnary
fof pro@ss
i9 shippe.s
cdim5.
Wheh
a
shipper suffe.s rosr or ddhog€ rherefoE, he husr
Prchptt horify rha coohci. ttr!5 shoutd
be done in
w.r+ i9 srdring the derdils of ddhdge oid Cldih oid
oltochlnq
rhe na.€srory docuheds lpdl f.oh ihz
beEf+ ot d rohpl foldw up, rhe shipp€r w i hdve rhe
opporrun,ry
of b€i.fling froh rh€ dd v r 6 of the
Cargo
l)zlen@ Frd. The deio s of rhz op€turiois oi
th. Fuhd
would
b. d sclrs€d ldrer

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